{"id":11302,"date":"2025-08-21T23:29:11","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T15:29:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fanyiming.life\/?p=11302"},"modified":"2025-12-21T01:02:56","modified_gmt":"2025-12-20T17:02:56","slug":"%e8%99%9a%e4%bc%aa6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fanyiming.life\/?p=11302","title":{"rendered":"\u865a\u4f2a6"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u865a\u4f2a\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5766\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\u865a\u4f2a\uff0c\u4ece\u201c<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/fanyiming.life\/?p=11042\" data-type=\"post\" 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class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"816\" src=\"https:\/\/fanym.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250822001313772-1024x816.png?x-oss-process=style\/default\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11307\" style=\"width:442px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fanym.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250822001313772-1024x816.png?x-oss-process=style\/default 1024w, https:\/\/fanym.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250822001313772-300x239.png?x-oss-process=style\/default 300w, https:\/\/fanym.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250822001313772-768x612.png?x-oss-process=style\/default 768w, https:\/\/fanym.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20250822001313772.png?x-oss-process=style\/default 1179w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>\u865a\u4f2a\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u9014\u4e0e\u5371\u5bb3\uff5c\u57ce\u4e0e\u90a6<\/summary>\n<p>Copy From: <a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/56127116\">https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/56127116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u524d\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u201c\u865a\u4f2a\u201d\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6307\u63a7\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u53e3\u5934\u575a\u6301\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u53bb\u516c\u4fe1\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e27\u5931\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u63ed\u9732\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u4e0d\u771f\u5b9e\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u201d\u548c\u201c\u865a\u4f2a\u201d\u8fd9\u5bf9\u77db\u76fe\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u523b\u753b\u865a\u4f2a\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u5371\u5bb3\u5417\uff1f\u4ece\u6731\u8fea\u65af\u00b7\u65bd\u514b\u83b1\uff08Judith N. 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nationalism\uff09\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u65e0\u5bb6\u53ef\u5f52\u7684\u6e38\u6c11\u88ab\u90e8\u843d\u5f0f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u6c47\u805a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u662f\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7fa4\u4f17\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u4e8e\u671f\u671b\u53d1\u52a8\u66f4\u591a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u81ea\u6b3a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5c42\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u56de\u5230\u767d\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5b83\u6324\u538b\u4e86\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd\u5973\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u58f0\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u66f4\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8ba9\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u6216\u8005\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u65e0\u975e\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u81ea\u6b3a\u6b3a\u4eba\u7684\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f24\u5bb3\u4e86\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u548c\u52a8\u5458\u529b\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u81ea\u6b3a\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6709\u826f\u5584\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u6700\u5165\u9aa8\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u574f\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5b83\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u597d\u4fe1\u4ef0\u65e0\u5904\u5bb9\u8eab\u3002\u8bd5\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5750\u5728\u5b66\u9662\u4e2d\u5b89\u4eab\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u89c6\u82e5\u65e0\u7779\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bdd\u8bed\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u771f\u6b63\u6218\u6597\u5728\u4e00\u7ebf\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u573a\u57df\u91cc\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u884c\u52a8\u8005\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u65f6\u4e0d\u65f6\u70b9\u70b9\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u8f6c\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e24\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u6027\u522b\u5e73\u6743\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bdd\u8bed\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e3a\u5973\u6743\u4e8b\u4e1a\u727a\u7272\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b89\u7a33\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5973\u6743\u884c\u52a8\u8005\uff1f\u4e00\u65e6\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u4ef0\u88ab\u81ea\u6b3a\u8005\u62a2\u593a\uff0c\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5c31\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4ea7\u751f\u6000\u7591\u3002\u5982\u65bd\u514b\u83b1\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u865a\u4f2a\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u6124\u6012\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u80c1\u8feb\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u6b62\u80c1\u8feb\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u4f2a\u541b\u5b50\u6234\u4e0a\u4e0d\u76f8\u79f0\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5149\u73af\u3002\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u66f4\u80c1\u8feb\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6000\u7591\u771f\u8bda\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6000\u7591\u5982\u679c\u8513\u5ef6\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u540e\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5168\u9762\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9634\u5f71\u6050\u6015\u5c31\u5c71\u96e8\u6b32\u6765\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7ed3\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u201c\u865a\u4f2a\u201d\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u3001\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u4f46\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u4f2a\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u65bd\u514b\u83b1\u523b\u753b\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u3001\u6743\u672f\u5f0f\u7684\u865a\u4f2a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u9996\u8981\u7684\u6076\u884c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u672c\u8eab\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u6da6\u6ed1\u5242\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8428\u7279\u6240\u523b\u753b\u7684\u81ea\u6b3a\u5f0f\u7684\u865a\u4f2a\uff0c\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u6709\u7740\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u4e5f\u66f4\u96be\u4ee5\u5bdf\u89c9\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u00b7\u91d1\u5728\u300a\u5bc4\u81ea\u4f2f\u660e\u7ff0\u76d1\u72f1\u7684\u4fe1\u300b\u91cc\u7740\u91cd\u63d0\u9192\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u51c0\u5316\uff08self-purification\uff09\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u51c0\u5316\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6240\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e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author would like to thank Volker Schmitz for the conversations crucial in developing this essay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u91ca<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol 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