{"id":219,"date":"2023-11-01T02:35:16","date_gmt":"2023-10-31T18:35:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/39.105.184.3\/?p=219"},"modified":"2025-12-21T01:06:17","modified_gmt":"2025-12-20T17:06:17","slug":"snrna-l1-chimeras%e7%9a%84%e5%bd%a2%e6%88%90%e6%9c%ba%e5%88%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fanyiming.life\/?p=219","title":{"rendered":"snRNA-L1 chimeras\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u5236"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5f15<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>2003\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u8349\u56fe\u521a\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u524d\u534a\u6bb5\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684snRNA (\u5982U6)\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u90bb\u7740LINE-1\u76843&#8217;\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f5&#8242;-truncated LINE-1\uff09\uff0c\u57285&#8242;-truncated L1\u7684\u540e\u9762\u6709polyA\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u8fd8\u88ab\u4e24\u7aef\u7684TSD (target site duplicatioin\uff0c\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u57285&#8217;\u548c3\u2019\u76f8\u540c)\u5305\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u9875\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u63a2\u7a76\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">LINE-1\u9006\u8f6c\u5f55\u8f6c\u5ea7\u5e2e\u52a9processed pseudogenes\u5f62\u6210<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5148\u5fd8\u8bb0snRNA-L1 chimeras\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e9b\u524d\u7f6e\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5047\u57fa\u56e0 pseudogene<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5047\u57fa\u56e0\u8ddf\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u771f\u201d\u57fa\u56e0\u76f8\u6bd4\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>related\uff0c\u5e8f\u5217\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u540c\u6e90\u6027\u5f88\u9ad8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>defective\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u65e0\u6cd5\u8f6c\u5f55\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>1977\u5e74\uff0cpseudogene\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u662f\u5728Xenopus\u76845S DNA\u540e\u9762\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u7f3a\u635f\u91cd\u590d\uff08C. Jacq et al, Cell, 1977\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u52a0\u5de5\u8fc7\u7684\u5047\u57fa\u56e0 processed pseudogenes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pseudogene\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Those retain <strong>the intervening sequences<\/strong> of their functional couterparts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Those lacking <strong>the intervening sequences<\/strong> of their functional counterparts: <strong>processed pseudogenes<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u201cintervening sequences\u201d\u8981\u7528\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u7c7b\u6807\u51c6\u5462\uff1f\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5f88\u591apseudogene\u90fd\u5b58\u5728intervening sequences\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u662f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u5b58\u5728intervening sequences\u7684pseudogenes\u5355\u72ec\u5206\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5206\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b58\u5728&#8221;intervening sequences&#8221;\u7684pseudogenes\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a&#8221;processed pseudogenes&#8221;\uff0c\u201c\u52a0\u5de5\u8fc7\u7684\u5047\u57fa\u56e0\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684Processed\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9bpseudogenes\u6765\u6e90\u4e8eprocessed RNA\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fmRNA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>processed pseudogenes\u62e5\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bc1\u636e\u5f3a\u70c8\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The lack of intervening sequences (mRNA\u7684\u5185\u542b\u5b50\u88ab\u526a\u63a5\u53bb\u6389\u4e86)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The presence of a poly A tract at the 3&#8242; end. (mRNA\u6210\u719f\u540e\u5177\u6709polyA tails)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The sequence homology ceases at the border of functional transcripts (\u540c\u6e90\u6027\u5728functional transcripts\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u7a81\u53d8)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They are flanked by direct repeats of 7-17 bp.\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662fmRNA\u53cd\u8f6c\u5f55\u6574\u5408\u65f6\u5f15\u5165\u7684repeats\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pseudogenes and functional couterparts are not on the same chromosome. (\u4ece\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684mRNA\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u4e0a)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For human beta-tubulin, pseudogenes of all different polyadenylation varients are found.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cAbudant ubiquitously expressed transcripts account for a large fraction of the processed pseudogenes. (Zhang, 2003)\u201d \uff08beta-tubulin\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2amRNA variant\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684pseudogenes\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1aProcessed pseudogenes are derived from the mRNA intermediate.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">LINE-1\u9006\u8f6c\u5f55\u8f6c\u5ea7 retrotransposition of LINE-1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5373\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4e86processed pseudogenes\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u6e90\u4e8emRNA\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u662fmRNA\u901a\u8fc7\u4f55\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d8\u6210\u4e86DNA\u5e76\u6574\u5408\u8fdb\u5165\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7LINE-1\u7684\u9006\u8f6c\u5f55\u8f6c\u5ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LINE-1\u9006\u8f6c\u5f55\u8f6c\u5ea7\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u7684Full length LINE-1\u4f9d\u9760\u5185\u90e8\u7684promoter\u8f6c\u5f55\u51fa\u5168\u957fLINE-1 RNA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LINE-1 RNA\u8fdb\u5165\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684ORF1\u3001ORF2\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ORF1\u548cORF2\u5177\u6709cis preference\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eabRNA\u5f62\u6210L1 RNP\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L1 RNP\u8fd4\u56de\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\uff0c\u53d1\u751ftarget-primed reverse transcription (TPRT)\u3002\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First strand nick<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>priming and reverse transcription<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>second strand cleavage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DNA synthesis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TSD formation<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>LINE-1\u9006\u8f6c\u5f55\u8f6c\u5ea7\u5f62\u6210Retrogenes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136LINE-1\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u9006\u8f6c\u5f55\u8f6c\u5ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u8fdb\u884c\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684RNA\u53ef\u80fd\u52ab\u6301\u6216\u8bef\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u88ab\u53cd\u8f6c\u5f55\u6210DNA\u6574\u5408\u8fdb\u5165\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u56e0\u6210\u4e3aRetrogene<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Retrogene: An expressed and functional gene that is generated by retrotransposition and has an intact ORF that is consistent with that of the parental gene. (Richard Cordaux et al, Nat. Genetics, 2009) \u8fd9\u6284\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u91cc\u5199\u7684\u8981&#8221;expressed and functional&#8221;\uff0c\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u60f3\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b83\u662f\u8868\u8fbe\u4e14\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u524d\u7f6e\u6982\u5ff5\u8bb2\u5b8c\u4e86.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Processed pseudogene\u662f\u4ecemRNA mediate\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LINE-1\u7684\u9006\u8f6c\u5f55\u8f6c\u5ea7\u53ef\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5176\u4ed6RNA\u6574\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cProcessed pseudogene\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u6210\u719f\u7684mRNA\u78b0\u5de7hijack\u4e86LINE-1 retrotransposition\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u88ab\u5f53\u6210\u4e86LINE-1\u6574\u5408\u8fdb\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u91cc\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408processed pseudogenes\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u542b\u5b50\u3001\u6709PolyA\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u7aef\u7684short repeats\u6b63\u597d\u5c31\u662fretrotransposition\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7684TSD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u56de\u5230&#8221;snRNA-L1 chimeras&#8221;\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u53d1\u73b0<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>2003\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9bchimeric genes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Characteristics:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>3\u2019-poly(A)-tailed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>flanked by 11-21 bp direct repeats<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>contained T2A4 hexanucleotide motifs near 5\u2019 end.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728740\u4e2apseudogenes\u4e2d\uff0c\u670981\u4e2a\u662fchimeras\uff1b\u572881\u4e2achimeras\u4e2d\uff0c\u670966\u4e2a\u662fU6 containing chimeras\uff1b\u572866\u4e2aU6 containing chimeras\u4e2d\uff0c\u670956\u4e2aU6-L1 chimeras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7279\u5f81\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\uff1aFull-sized U6 snRNA fused at their 3&#8242;-termini with 5&#8242;-truncated LINE-1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u673a\u5236<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u884c\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u7a81\u7136\u8d56\u5f97\u5199\u4e86\uff0c\u5fc3\u60c5\u597d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u518d\u6765\u8865\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u4e4b\u5c31\u662f\u5341\u51e0\u5e74\u4e00\u76f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662fLINE-1 retrotransposition\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u4e86template switch\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4L1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684RNA\u4ece3\u2018\u7aef\u5f00\u59cb\u9006\u8f6c\u5f55\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6a21\u677f\u6362\u6210U6\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6RNA\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210Full-sized U6\u878d\u54085&#8242;-truncated LINE-1. \u7136\u540e2019\u5e74\u6709\u7bc7PNAS\u8bf4\u53ef\u80fd\u662fRTCB\u628a\u5177\u67092&#8242;,3&#8242;-cyclic phosphate\u672b\u7aef\u7684U6\uff08\u52a0\u5de5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u81ea\u5e26\uff09\u8ddf\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u635f\u4f24\u65ad\u88c2\u7684\u5177\u67095&#8242;-OH\u672b\u7aef\u7684L1 RNA\u8fde\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u901a\u8fc7L1 retrotransposition\u6574\u5408\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u5b9a\u8bba\u5230\u5e95\u8c01\u5bf9\u8c01\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f2023\u5e7410\u670820\u65e5\u7ec4\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u60f3\u590d\u4e60\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u53bb\u627ePPT\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&#8221;20231020FYM&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7b14\u8bb0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e00\u7c7b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5d4c\u5408\u5e8f\u5217\u2014\u2014snRNA-L1 chimeras\uff0c\u5176\u5178\u578b\u7279\u5f81\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684snRNA\uff08\u5982U6\uff09\u4e0e5\u2018\u7aef\u622a\u77ed\u7684LINE-1\u5e8f\u5217\u878d\u5408\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4ece\u5047\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0eLINE-1\u9006\u8f6c\u5f55\u8f6c\u5ea7\u673a\u5236\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5e8f\u5217\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u6210\u5047\u8bf4\uff1a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u8f6c\u6362\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u8f83\u65b0\u7684RNA\u8fde\u63a5\u9176\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,4],"tags":[21,22],"class_list":["post-219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-18","category-note","tag-line-1","tag-snrna"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fanyiming.life\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fanyiming.life\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fanyiming.life\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fanyiming.life\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fanyiming.life\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=219"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/fanyiming.life\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14150,"href":"https:\/\/fanyiming.life\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219\/revisions\/14150"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fanyiming.life\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fanyiming.life\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fanyiming.life\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}