{"id":7855,"date":"2024-11-15T09:10:15","date_gmt":"2024-11-15T01:10:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fanyiming.life\/?p=7855"},"modified":"2025-12-21T01:04:12","modified_gmt":"2025-12-20T17:04:12","slug":"namirna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fanyiming.life\/?p=7855","title":{"rendered":"NamiRNA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\u66fe\u4e0e\u8bfa\u5956\u5931\u4e4b\u4ea4\u81c2\u3001\u4eba\u5c0f\u9b3c\u5927\u7684miRNA\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u7ec6\u80de\u547d\u8fd0\uff1f_\u767e\u79d1TA\u8bf4<\/a>\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6881\u82f1(\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u535a\u58eb\u751f)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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miRNA\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u7956\u7c4d\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ef4\u514b\u6258\u00b7\u5b89\u535a\u65af \uff08Victor Ambros\uff09 \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u5173\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u5728\u7ebf\u866b\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2amiRNA lin-4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u65f6\u5149\u98de\u901d\u30021993\u5e74\uff0c\u5b89\u535a\u65af\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u7a81\u53d8 lin-4 \u7684\u6210\u5e74\u7ebf\u866b\uff0c\u957f\u51fa\u5e7c\u5ae9\u7684\u76ae\u80a4\uff0c\u800c\u7a81\u53d8\u6389 lin-14 \u7684\u5e7c\u5e74\u7ebf\u866b\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u957f\u51fa\u76b1\u76b1\u7684\u76ae\u80a4\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u7adf\u662f\u5728\u7ebf\u866b\u4e2d lin-4 \u53ef\u8c03\u63a7 lin-14 \u5e76\u6291\u5236\u5b83\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3002Lin-14\u86cb\u767d\u5728\u5e7c\u5e74\u7ebf\u866b\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u5bcc\u96c6\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6210\u5e74\u7ebf\u866b\u5927\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7a81\u53d8\u6389lin-4\u540e\uff0c lin-14 \u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\uff0c Lin-14\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5bcc\u96c6\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u6210\u5e74\u7ebf\u866b\u957f\u51fa\u5e7c\u5ae9\u76ae\u80a4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 Victor Ambros<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8f6c\u773c\u5230\u4e862006\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\u9881\u7ed9\u4e86\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u6cd5\u5c14 \uff08Andrew Fire\uff09 \u548c\u514b\u96f7\u683c\u00b7\u6885\u6d1b \uff08Craig Mello\uff09 \uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728RNAi \uff08RNA\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u6307\u67d0\u4e9b\u53cc\u94fe\u5c0fRNA\u80fd\u591f\u6c89\u9ed8\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u5c0fRNA\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5csiRNA\uff09 \u9886\u57df\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u53d1\u73b0miRNA\u7684\u5b89\u535a\u65af\u540c\u6837\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7559\u4e0b\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u8bc4\u9009\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5f88\u5c11\u4f1a\u9488\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u91cd\u590d\u9881\u5956\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b89\u535a\u65af\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u88ab\u63d0\u540d\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u5374\u6700\u7ec8\u5931\u4e4b\u4ea4\u81c2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u65f6\u5b89\u535a\u65af\u7ee7\u7eed\u575a\u6301\u5bf9miRNA\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c11\u7559\u4e00\u4efd\u9057\u61be\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u591a\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6cd5\u5c14\u548c\u6885\u6d1b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u9996\u4e2amiRNA\u7684\u5b89\u535a\u65af\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5bf9\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u5305\u62ecDNA\u7532\u57fa\u5316\u3001\u7ec4\u86cb\u767d\u4fee\u9970\u3001\u975e\u7f16\u7801RNA\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\uff0cRNAi\u548cmiRNA\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u7f16\u7801RNA\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u79c0\u4e3d\u9690\u611f\u7ebf\u866b\u4e2dlin-4\u8c03\u63a7lin-14\u7684\u8868\u8fbe<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u7684RNA\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u53ef\u7f16\u7801\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u53c2\u4e0e\u7f16\u7801\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u2014\u2014\u9057\u4f20\u7269\u8d28DNA\u8f6c\u5f55\u751f\u6210mRNA \uff08mRNA\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4fe1\u4f7fRNA\uff0c\u7531DNA\u8f6c\u5f55\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u80fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7ffb\u8bd1\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff09 \uff0c\u4fe1\u4f7fRNA\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7ffb\u8bd1\u751f\u6210\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7f16\u7801\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u975e\u7f16\u7801RNA\u3002miRNA\u6b63\u662f\u540e\u9762\u8fd9\u79cd\u975e\u7f16\u7801RNA\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5f88\u77ed\uff0c\u4ec5\u670921-23\u4e2a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u79f0\u4f5cmiRNA\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u53d1\u73b0\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2amiRNA\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u670920\u591a\u4e2a\u5e74\u5934\uff0cmiRNA\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u524d\u53ef\u8c13\u662f\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4e95\u55b7\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u6839\u636emiRBase\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4eba\u7c7bmiRNA\u524d\u4f53\u67091881\u6761\uff0c\u6210\u719fmiRNA\u67092588\u6761\u3002\u968f\u7740miRNA \u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u65ad\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0cmiRNA\u5728\u80bf\u7624\u53d1\u751f\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u88ab\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u80bf\u7624\u7ec6\u80de\u5341\u5927\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7ef4\u6301\uff0c\u5747\u6709miRNA\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002\u80bf\u7624\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728miRNA \u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u9ad8\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u8868\u8fbe\u7684miRNAs \u901a\u8fc7\u9776\u5411\u57fa\u56e03\u2019UTR \u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5e72\u6270\u9776\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u80bf\u7624\u6291\u5236\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b63\u5e38\u7ec6\u80de\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u764c\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 miRNA\u662f\u975e\u7f16\u7801RNA\u7684\u4e00\u79cd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

miRNA\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u65e0\u89c6\u73b0\u8c61<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0cmiRNA\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u201cWorking anytime anywhere\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u767d\u70ed\u5316\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7eb7\u7eb7\u6324\u5165miRNA\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u95e8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\uff0cmiRNA\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u601d\u8def\u5355\u4e00\u5316\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u800c\u6709\u6162\u6162\u53d8\u51b7\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u9c81\u8fc5\u5148\u751f\u8bf4\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e16\u95f4\u5176\u5b9e\u5730\u4e0a\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u8def\uff0c\u8d70\u7684\u4eba\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u4fbf\u6210\u4e86\u8def\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u8d70\u7684\u4eba\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u5957\u8def\u3002miRNA\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4eba\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\u5374\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3amiRNA\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u6d46\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u9776\u57fa\u56e03\u2019UTR\u6291\u5236\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6216\u964d\u89e3mRNA\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4fe1\u4f7fRNA\u88ab\u964d\u89e3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u751f\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u53d1\u6325\u8d1f\u5411\u8c03\u63a7\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6291\u5236\u9776\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u5e38\u5e38\u6ca6\u4e3a\u4e86\u5178\u578b\u7684\u201c\u9a6c\u540e\u70ae\u201d \uff08miRNA\u5bf9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u53d1\u6325\u6291\u5236\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u5f88\u5c11\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8c03\u63a7\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8f6c\u5f55\uff09 \u3002\u7136\u800c\u5f53miRNA\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u82af\u7247\u68c0\u6d4b\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0b\u8c03\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0a\u8c03\u3002\u53d7\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u201c\u6291\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u5728\u4e0b\u8c03\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627emiRNA\u7684\u9776\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4e0a\u8c03\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u52c9\u5f3a\u627e\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2amiRNA\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u7684 \u201cRepressor\u201d \uff08\u6291\u5236\u5b50\uff0c\u6291\u5236\u9776\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7247\u6bb5\uff09 \uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u201cRepress Repressor\u201d\u6765\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5b8c\u6574\u201d\u7684miRNA\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u8fd9\u6837miRNA\u4e0a\u8c03\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u5219\u88ab\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u65e0\u89c6\u201d \uff08selectively neglected\uff09 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 miRNA\u6291\u5236\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6216\u964d\u89e3mRNA\u7684\u8d1f\u5411\u8c03\u63a7\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u6d46\u7684miRNA\u6d4b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591amiRNAs\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u4e2d \uff08\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f80\u5bf9\u4e8emiRNA\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u6d46\u4e2d\uff09 \uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e9bmiRNA\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u5185\u7684miRNA\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u8c03\u63a7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679cmiRNA\u8d1f\u5411\u8c03\u63a7\u673a\u5236\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u91ca\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u8865\u5145\u5e76\u6491\u8d77\u672a\u6765miRNA\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u7247\u84dd\u5929\uff1f\u5728\u7eb7\u6270\u7e41\u6742\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u70ed\u70b9\u4e2d\uff0c miRNA\u7814\u7a76\u8981\u600e\u6837\u7ad9\u4f4f\u811a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u51fa\u8def\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u8eab\u4e8c\u4efb\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u6fc0\u6d3b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u603b\u4f34\u968f\u4e24\u9762\u6027\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u8ddf\u98ce\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u6682\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u79d1\u7814\u7684\u821e\u53f0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fdf\u65e9\u4f1a\u6df9\u6ca1\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6c6a\u6d0b\u4e2d\u3002\u9664\u4e86miRNA\u8d1f\u5411\u8c03\u63a7\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e2a\u6848\u62a5\u9053\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0bmiRNA\u80fd\u591f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u6216\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u786e\u5207\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u660e\u786e\u3002\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u4eba\u7c7b\u76842588\u6761\u6210\u719f\u7684miRNA\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u65b0\u8fd1\u53d1\u73b0\u7684miRNA\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u805a\u7126\u5728miRNA\u7684\u8d1f\u5411\u8c03\u63a7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2amiRNA\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u5343\u7bc7\u4e00\u5f8b\u5730\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9776\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u8d1f\u5411\u8c03\u63a7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4e0e\u80bf\u7624\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u9776\u5411\u6cbb\u7597\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u987a\u5229\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u8fce\u63a5\u540e\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5230\u6765\u3002ENCODE \u4f5c\u4e3a\u540e\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u65f6\u4ee3\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660emiRNA \u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f46\u5929\u751f\u6211\u6750\u5fc5\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u5185\u7684miRNA \u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u8c03\u63a7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e00\u5b9a\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u67d0\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9bmiRNA \u6240\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u6d46miRNA\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6838\u5185\u7684miRNA\u662f\u5177\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684miRNA\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5bcc\u96c6\u800c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u4f4e\u8868\u8fbe\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0cmiR-1\u5728\u808c\u8089\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u9ad8\u8868\u8fbe\uff0cmiR-124\u5728\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50 \uff08enhancer\uff09 \uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u5f3a\u5316\u8f6c\u5f55\u7684DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e4b\u524d\u670b\u53cb\u5708\u91cc\u6d41\u4f20\u751a\u5e7f\u7684\u201c\u86c7\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u811a\uff1f\u201d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d \uff08\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u6572\u9664\u5c0f\u9f20\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217ZRS\uff0c\u5c0f\u9f20\u4e0d\u4f1a\u957f\u51fa\u56db\u80a2\uff0c\u800c\u7ed9\u6572\u9664ZRS\u540e\u7684\u5c0f\u9f20\u91cd\u65b0\u8865\u4e0a\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5c0f\u9f20\u53c8\u4f1a\u957f\u51fa\u56db\u80a2\uff09 \uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u56db\u80a2\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50ZRS\u4f1a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5bcc\u96c6\u5728\u56db\u80a2\u4e2d\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u56db\u80a2\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u53d1\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u6838\u5185miRNA\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50\u6709\u5173\u8054\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff0c\u6838\u5185miRNA\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u6837\u4e0e\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7279\u5f02\u6027\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 \u7f3a\u5931\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50ZRS\u7684\u5c0f\u9f20\u957f\u4e0d\u51fa\u56db\u80a2\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u7f3a\u5931\u7684ZRS\u7247\u6bb5\u8865\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c0f\u9f20\u957f\u51fa\u4e86\u56db\u80a2\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u81ea Kvon et al., 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u4e8e\u6587\u5f3a\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8bb8\u591amiRNA\u81ea\u8eab\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50\u533a\u57df\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u5408\uff0c\u5982hsa-miR-26a-1\u3001hsa-miR-3179\u548chsa-miR-24-1\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9bmiRNA\u5927\u591a\u80fd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u5185\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9bmiRNA\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0cmiRNA\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u4e2a\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76miRNA\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u8c03\u63a7\u673a\u5236\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u57287\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf91594\u6761miRNA\u524d\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u610f\u5916\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u6709300\u591a\u6761miRNA\u524d\u4f53\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50\u7684\u7ec4\u86cb\u767d\u4fee\u9970\u6807\u5fd7H3K4me1\u6216H3K27ac\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ec6\u80de\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u7684miRNA\u548c\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6838\u5185miRNA\u7684\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4f5c\u7528\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6572\u9664\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u70b9\u7684\u67d0\u6bb5\u5e8f\u5217\uff0cmiRNA\u4fbf\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u4e0a\u8c03\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u80bf\u7624\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u589e\u6b96\u4e0e\u8fc1\u79fb\u80fd\u529b\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

miRNA\u6240\u5728\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50\u533a\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5206\u6790\uff08\u56fe\u4e2dH3K4me1\u548cH3K27Ac\u4e3a\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u4fee\u9970\u6807\u8bb0\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1amiRNA\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53cc\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u5f53miRNA\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u6d46\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8emRNA 3\u2019UTR\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u706d\u706b\u5668\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u963b\u65admRNA\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fdb\u800c\u53d1\u6325\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8d1f\u8c03\u63a7\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u5b83\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u706b\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50\u6539\u53d8\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50\u7684\u67d3\u8272\u8d28\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8f6c\u5f55\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

miRNA\u5728\u80de\u6d46\u4e0e\u80de\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u6027\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6838\u5185\u5e76\u6709\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4f5c\u7528\u7684RNA\u79f0\u4e3aNamiRNA \uff08Nuclear activating miRNA\uff09 \u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86NamiRNA-\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50-\u9776\u57fa\u56e0\u7f51\u7edc\u6fc0\u6d3b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63ed\u793a\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u5185miRNA\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6fc0\u6d3b\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u5f88\u591a\u4e4b\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u523b\u610f\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u8c61 \uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u80bf\u7624\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u9664\u4e86\u4e0b\u8c03\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u4e0a\u8c03\u57fa\u56e0\u600e\u4e48\u89e3\u91ca\uff09 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u559c\u7684\u662f\uff0cNamiRNA\u4e0e\u9776\u57fa\u56e0\u5b58\u5728\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u8c03\u63a7\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u53c2\u4e0e\u80bf\u7624\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u589e\u6b96\u3001\u8fc1\u79fb\u4e0e\u4fb5\u88ad\u7b49\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u867d\u7136NamiRNA\u73b0\u5728\u521a\u8d77\u6b65\uff0c\u8e3d\u8e3d\u72ec\u884c\u96be\u514d\u5bc2\u5be5\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u6765\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u7814\u7a76\uff0cNamiRNA\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u8c03\u63a7\u7406\u8bba\u65e0\u7591\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u89e3\u91ca\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e3a\u80bf\u7624\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3NamiRNA\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6280\u672f\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u5185\u7684miRNA\u529f\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u6216NamiRNA\u7814\u7a76\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u8bf7\u60a8\u70b9\u51fb\u6587\u672b\u7684\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] Lee RC, Feinbaum RL, Ambros V.The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisensecomplementarity to lin-14. Cell. 1993Dec 3; 75(5):843-54.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]ReinhartBJ, Slack FJ, Basson M. et al. The 21-nucleotide let-7 RNA regulatesdevelopmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature. 2000 Feb 24; 403(6772):901-6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] Wightman B, Ha I, Ruvkun G. Posttranscriptionalregulation of the heterochronic gene lin-14 by lin-4 mediates temporal patternformation in C. elegans. Cell. 1993Dec 3; 75(5):856-62<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4] Hwang HW, Wentzel EA and MendellJT. A hexanucleotide element directs miRNA nuclear import. Science. 2007;315:97-100 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5] Vasudevan S, Tong Y, SteitzJA. Switching from repression to activation: microRNAs can up-regulatetranslation.Science.2007 Dec 21; 318(5858):1877-8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6] Vasudevan S, SteitzJA. AU-rich-element-mediated upregulation of translation by FXR1 and Argonaute2. Cell. 2007 Mar 23;128(6):1105-18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]Place, RF, Li LC, Pookot D. et al. MicroRNA-373 Induces Expression of Geneswith Complementary Promoter Sequences. Proceedings of the National Academyof Sciences of the United States of America. 2008 Feb 5;105(5): 1608\u20131613.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8] Kvon EZ, Kamneva OK, Melo US. et al. ProgressiveLoss of Function in a Limb Enhancer during Snake Evolution Cell.2016 Oct 20;167(3):633-642<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9] Xiao M, Li J, Li W, et al.MicroRNAs Activate Gene Transcription Epigenetically as an Enhancer Trigger. RNA Biology. 2016 Feb 6:0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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