致齐斯特菲尔特伯爵
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE EARL OF CHESTERFIELD
February 7, 1755.
MY LORD, I have been lately informed, by the proprietor of The World, that two papers, in which my Dictionary is recommended to the publick, were written by your Lordship. To be so distinguished, is an honour, which, being very little accustomed to favours from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.
When, upon some slight encouragement, I first visited your Lordship, I was overpowered, like the rest of mankind, by the enchantment of your address; and could not forbear to wish that I might boast myself Le vainqueur du vainqueur de la terre;--that I might obtain that regard for which I saw the world contending; but I found my attendance so little encouraged, that neither pride nor modesty would suffer me to continue it. When I had once addressed your Lordship in publick, I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncourtly scholar can possess. I had done all that I could; and no man is well pleased to have his all neglected, be it ever so little.
Seven years, my Lord, have now past, since I waited in your outward rooms, or was repulsed from your door; during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficulties, of which it is useless to complain, and have brought it, at last, to the verge of publication, without one act of assistance, one word of encouragement, or one smile of favour. Such treatment I did not expect, for I never had a Patron before.
The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love, and found him a native of the rocks.
Is not a Patron, my Lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help? The notice which you have been pleased to take of my labours, had it been early, had been kind; but it has been delayed till I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it; till I am solitary, and cannot impart it; till I am known, and do not want it. I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received, or to be unwilling that the Publick should consider me as owing that to a Patron, which Providence has enabled me to do for myself.
Having carried on my work thus far with so little obligation to any favourer of learning, I shall not be disappointed though I should conclude it, if less be possible, with less; for I have been long wakened from that dream of hope, in which I once boasted myself with so much exultation, my Lord, your Lordship's most humble, most obedient servant,
SAM JOHNSON.
ChatGPT Digestion
尊敬的阁下:
近日,《世界报》的出版人告知我,您曾撰写了两篇文章,向公众推荐我的词典。对此,我深感荣幸。然而,由于我极少得到像您这样显赫之人的垂青,一时之间,我实在不知该如何得体地回应,也不知该如何表达我的谢意。
当年,我因为一些微小的鼓励首次拜访您时,和许多仰慕您的人一样,被您的风度气质深深吸引,忍不住幻想自己能够“赢得您的赏识”;我期盼得到全世界都在争取的关注。然而,我发现自己在您的门前徘徊,却未得到任何回应,既无自尊心允许我继续,也无谦卑之心让我坚持。在公开场合向您表达敬意后,我已经用尽了一个隐居、不善交际的学者所能做到的一切示好之举。我已竭尽全力,而当任何人看到自己的全部努力被忽视时,无论那努力多么渺小,也难免感到沮丧。
阁下,自从我最后一次在您的门外等候,或被拒之门外,已经过去了七年。在此期间,我在诸多困难中独自推进我的工作,虽然未得到任何外力支持,但最终还是将它推向了即将出版的阶段。没有得到任何帮助,没有一句鼓励,甚至没有一个赞许的微笑。这种境遇是我始料未及的,毕竟我从未得到过任何“靠山”。
古罗马诗人维吉尔笔下的牧羊人,最终遇见了自己祈盼已久的爱神,但发现那所谓的爱神不过是冷漠的岩石。
阁下,那些所谓的“恩主”难道是这样的人吗?他们在别人困境中无动于衷,而等那人历经千辛万苦自救成功之后,才上前略施恩惠?如果您早些关注我的工作,那将是一种仁慈的举动;但如今时过境迁,我已经无动于衷,无法享受这份迟来的恩情;当我孤身一人时,我也无法与人分享这份荣誉;如今我已为人所知,亦无须再依赖任何恩赐。我希望这不会被视为一种过于尖刻的态度——我拒绝承认我从未获得的帮助,也不愿让公众误以为我的成就归功于某位恩主。
既然我能够在几乎没有任何支持的情况下完成这项工作,即使最终完成时的帮助更少,我也不会因此失望。因为我早已从那种对外界期待的幻想中醒来,那曾让我满怀喜悦的虚幻梦境,已经破灭。
阁下,您最谦卑、最顺从的仆人,
塞缪尔·约翰逊
1. 原文:
“I have been lately informed, by the proprietor of The World, that two papers, in which my Dictionary is recommended to the publick, were written by your Lordship.”
中文翻译:
我最近从《世界报》的拥有者那里得知,有两篇推荐我的词典给公众的文章是由阁下写的。
学习要点:
- informed /ɪnˈfɔːmd/:告诉,告知。这里使用的是被动形式“have been informed”,意思是“有人告诉我”。
- proprietor /prəˈpraɪətə/:拥有者或老板。“The World”是一个报纸的名字,proprietor 是它的老板。
- recommended /ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd/:推荐,建议。这是过去分词形式,表示“推荐给公众”。
- publick /ˈpʌblɪk/:公众。这是“public”的老式拼写,现在已经不常用了。
- Lordship /ˈlɔːdʃɪp/:阁下,这是一个古典的尊称,通常用来称呼贵族。
2. 原文:
“To be so distinguished, is an honour, which, being very little accustomed to favours from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.”
中文翻译:
得到如此的荣誉,实在是莫大的光荣。由于我很少受到贵人们的青睐,我不太知道该如何接受,也不知道用什么方式表示感谢。
学习要点:
- distinguished /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/:卓越的,受人尊敬的。表示某人或某物有特别的地位。
- honour /ˈɒnə/:荣誉。英式拼写中是“honour”,美式拼写是“honor”。
- accustomed /əˈkʌstəmd/:习惯的,惯常的。短语“little accustomed to”表示“几乎不习惯”。
- favours /ˈfeɪvəz/:恩惠,帮助。在这里指的是贵人们的帮助或关注。
- acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/:承认,感谢。在这里指的是如何表示感谢。
3. 原文:
“When, upon some slight encouragement, I first visited your Lordship, I was overpowered, like the rest of mankind, by the enchantment of your address; and could not forbear to wish that I might boast myself Le vainqueur du vainqueur de la terre;”
中文翻译:
当我因一点小小的鼓励,第一次拜访阁下时,像其他人一样,我被您言辞的魅力所征服,不禁希望能自豪地称自己为“征服征服世界的人”。
学习要点:
boast /bəʊst/:自夸,自豪地说。
slight /slaɪt/:轻微的,小小的。在这里是指“轻微的鼓励”。
encouragement /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒmənt/:鼓励,支持。
overpowered /ˌəʊvəˈpaʊəd/:被压倒,被征服。表示强烈的影响或震撼。
enchantment /ɪnˈʧɑːntmənt/:魔力,魅力。在这里是指对方言辞的吸引力。
forbear /fɔːˈbɛə/:忍住,抑制。在这里是指“无法忍住去希望”。
4. 原文:
“but I found my attendance so little encouraged, that neither pride nor modesty would suffer me to continue it.”
中文翻译:
但我发现我的拜访几乎没有受到鼓励,既然如此,无论是自尊还是谦虚都不允许我继续下去。
学习要点:
- attendance /əˈtɛndəns/:出席,拜访。在这里指的是去拜访对方的行为。
- encouraged /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒd/:鼓励的,受到支持的。这里是指他的拜访没有受到鼓励。
- pride /praɪd/:自尊,骄傲。指的是人的自尊心。
- modesty /ˈmɒdɪsti/:谦虚,含蓄。这里指的是不愿继续因不受欢迎而强行拜访。
- suffer /ˈsʌfə/:容许,允许。在这里的意思是“自尊和谦虚都不允许我继续”。
5. 原文:
“When I had once addressed your Lordship in publick, I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncourtly scholar can possess.”
中文翻译:
当我曾在公众面前向阁下表达敬意时,我已经用尽了一个隐居且不通宫廷礼仪的学者所能拥有的所有讨好技巧。
学习要点:
- addressed /əˈdrɛst/:向……致辞,表达。在这里是指在公众场合对贵族表达敬意。
- exhausted /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/:用尽,耗尽。表示已经把所有方法都用完。
- art of pleasing /ɑːt ɒv ˈpliːzɪŋ/:讨好之道,指的是取悦别人的技巧。
- retired /rɪˈtaɪəd/:隐退的,隐居的。这里是指作者过着远离社交生活的生活。
- uncourtly /ʌnˈkɔːtli/:不懂宫廷礼仪的,粗俗的。这个词表示作者没有贵族那种社交技巧。
6. 原文:
“I had done all that I could; and no man is well pleased to have his all neglected, be it ever so little.”
中文翻译:
我已经尽了全力;即使付出的再少,也没有人会乐意看到自己的努力被忽视。
学习要点:
- neglected /nɪˈɡlɛktɪd/:忽视,冷落。表示对努力没有得到应有的关注。
- be it ever so little:即使再少。这是一个较正式的表达方式,用来强调无论事情多么微小也不该被忽视。
- well pleased /wɛl pliːzd/:很高兴。表示心情愉快,但这里用的是否定形式“no man is well pleased”,即“没有人会高兴”。
7. 原文:
“Seven years, my Lord, have now past, since I waited in your outward rooms, or was repulsed from your door;”
中文翻译:
阁下,已经过去了七年,自从我在您的外厅等待,或者被拒之门外以来。
学习要点:
- past /pɑːst/:过去。这里是过去时的形式,指“七年已经过去”。
- waited /ˈweɪtɪd/:等待。表示在门外等候的动作。
- outward rooms /ˈaʊtwəd ruːmz/:外厅,指的是贵族宅邸的外面房间,通常是等候区。
- repulsed /rɪˈpʌlst/:拒绝,击退。在这里是指“被拒之门外”。
8. 原文:
“during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficulties, of which it is useless to complain, and have brought it, at last, to the verge of publication, without one act of assistance, one word of encouragement, or one smile of favour.”
中文翻译:
在此期间,我在各种困难中坚持推动我的工作,这些困难抱怨也无用,最终我将工作推进到即将出版的阶段,而没有得到过任何帮助、一句鼓励,或是任何一个赞许的微笑。
学习要点:
- pushing on /ˈpʊʃɪŋ ɒn/:坚持,继续前进。表示在面对困难时继续推进工作。
- difficulties /ˈdɪfɪkəltiz/:困难,障碍。
- verge /vɜːdʒ/:边缘,临近。表示工作即将完成并出版。
- assistance /əˈsɪstəns/:帮助,援助。
- encouragement /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒmənt/:鼓励,支持。
- favour /ˈfeɪvər/:支持,善意。
9. 原文:
“Such treatment I did not expect, for I never had a Patron before.”
中文翻译:
这样的待遇是我没有预料到的,因为我从未有过恩主。
学习要点:
- treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/:对待,待遇。表示别人如何对待你。
- expect /ɪkˈspɛkt/:预料,期待。这里的意思是“没有预料到”。
- Patron /ˈpeɪtrən/:恩主,赞助人。在这里是指那些给予支持或帮助的人。
10. 原文:
“The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love, and found him a native of the rocks.”
中文翻译:
维吉尔(Virgil)笔下的牧羊人最终与爱神相识,却发现爱神是岩石的原住民。
学习要点:
- shepherd /ˈʃɛpəd/:牧羊人。在这里引用的是古罗马诗人维吉尔的作品。
- acquainted /əˈkweɪntɪd/:熟悉,认识。意思是“最终与某人相识”。
- native /ˈneɪtɪv/:原住民,本地的。在这里是指爱神是来自岩石的。
11. 原文:
“Is not a Patron, my Lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help?”
中文翻译:
阁下,所谓的恩主难道不是那种对一个在水中挣扎求生的人漠不关心,而当他好不容易到了岸上时却给他添乱的人吗?
学习要点:
- unconcern /ˌʌnkənˈsɜːn/:漠不关心,无动于衷。指的是没有表现出任何关心。
- struggling /ˈstrʌɡlɪŋ/:挣扎,努力。在这里是指在水中挣扎求生。
- encumbers /ɪnˈkʌmbəz/:妨碍,拖累。这里指的是给对方带来麻烦而不是帮助。
12. 原文:
“The notice which you have been pleased to take of my labours, had it been early, had been kind; but it has been delayed till I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it; till I am solitary, and cannot impart it; till I am known, and do not want it.”
中文翻译:
阁下若能早些关注我的工作,原本会是仁慈的举动;然而它被拖延到现在,我已经无动于衷,无法享受它;当我已然孤独,无法分享它;当我已为人所知,也不再需要它。
学习要点:
- notice /ˈnəʊtɪs/:注意,关注。这里是指别人对你工作的关注。
- labours /ˈleɪbəz/:劳动,工作。在这里是指作者的词典编纂工作。
- indifferent /ɪnˈdɪfrənt/:冷漠的,无动于衷的。表示已经对某事不再在意。
- solitary /ˈsɒlɪtəri/:孤独的,独自的。指一个人独自面对成功而无法分享。
- impart /ɪmˈpɑːt/:传授,分享。表示无法与他人分享喜悦。
13. 原文:
“I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received, or to be unwilling that the Publick should consider me as owing that to a Patron, which Providence has enabled me to do for myself.”
中文翻译:
我希望这不会被视为一种过于尖刻的态度,即不承认未曾受到的恩惠,或者不愿让公众认为我把那些我自己靠天意完成的事归功于恩主。
学习要点:
- cynical /ˈsɪnɪkl/:愤世嫉俗的,尖刻的。表示对事情抱有消极和怀疑的态度。
- asperity /æˈspɛrɪti/:严厉,尖刻。指的是言辞或态度的苛刻。
- confess /kənˈfɛs/:承认,供认。在这里指“承认恩惠”。
- obligations /ˌɒblɪˈɡeɪʃənz/:义务,恩惠。这里是指感激的义务或恩情。
- Providence /ˈprɒvɪdəns/:天意,上天。指的是命运或神的安排。
14. 原文:
“Having carried on my work thus far with so little obligation to any favourer of learning, I shall not be disappointed though I should conclude it, if less be possible, with less;”
中文翻译:
既然我能在几乎没有得到任何学术支持者的帮助下完成这项工作,即使我最终完成时帮助更少,我也不会感到失望。
学习要点:
- carried on /ˈkærid ɒn/:继续,进行。指的是继续推进工作。
- obligation /ˌɒblɪˈɡeɪʃən/:义务,恩情。在这里是指“几乎没有得到任何帮助”。
- favourer /ˈfeɪvərə/:支持者,赞助者。指的是那些支持学术的人。
- conclude /kənˈkluːd/:完成,结束。指的是完成工作或项目。
15. 原文:
“for I have been long wakened from that dream of hope, in which I once boasted myself with so much exultation, my Lord, your Lordship’s most humble, most obedient servant,”
中文翻译:
因为我早已从那种充满希望的梦中醒来,曾经我以极大的喜悦为自己感到自豪。阁下,您最谦卑、最顺从的仆人。
学习要点:
- wakened /ˈweɪkənd/:醒来,觉醒。指的是从幻想中醒来。
- boasted /ˈbəʊstɪd/:自夸,吹嘘。表示为某事感到自豪。
- exultation /ˌɛɡzʌlˈteɪʃən/:欢喜,狂喜。表示极大的喜悦感。